Psychology

We use it since we were children and thanks to this kind of learning skills acquired over time. In Depsicología.com I counted more meaningful learning.

What do you mean meaningful learning?

- The process by which we acquire knowledge, skills and adding to those we already have. Thanks to the person learns meaningful learning, correct or acquire knowledge that can be useful in their daily lives. Significant having to do with what we can do with it.

By contrast learning "by heart" implies something stored in memory without prior knowledge. Meaningful learning is most important to acquire skills as our brain associated with the new information we already had.

The cognitive psychologist David Ausubel posits this theory in the 60's. The theory provides a framework for educational work. Ausubel believes that student learning depends on prior knowledge that relates to the new information.

It is important to know the basis of knowledge that students already have to make it easier to establish a relationship with him to learn.

- This type of learning we acquire long-term

- Is based on our experience and depends on the knowledge and skills they already had.

- In relating events also helps to increase memory. A student who has learned something that will more easily understand to advance in a subject than someone who has learned the knowledge of memory.

- This type of learning that learning does acquire meaning in a structured way (not like we learn something by heart without understanding). Meaningful learning favors the development of knowledge acquired.

Conditions that facilitate meaningful learning

Research indicates that meaningful learning is more effective to acquire knowledge and skills to rote learning. There are conditions that facilitate this type of learning:

1 - The student must already have some prior knowledge that this information can be related.

2 - The student has to incorporate this new information, make it yours to become part of your memory

3 - Need for active student participation, attention and attitude to acquire learning.

4 - Students are faced with the problem-solving tasks and activities.

5 - Learning is situated in the real world context.

Meaningful learning is present in our lives since childhood. Learning to go to the bathroom, learn to speak, read, ride a bike or drive later.

In the school context, a student who already has notions of mathematics can learn to perform a square root based on previous knowledge I already had, this is meaningful learning.

Ways to stimulate meaningful learning

- Encourage the student to the new learning

- Make it familiar in new learning

- The use of examples

- Go step by step learning guide.

- Promote learning strategies (such as testing strategies, which repeated the acquired concepts, development strategies, connect the new with what was already familiar)

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We hear talk of circadian rhythms or body clock and often confused. What are circadian rhythms and how they differ from so-called biological clock? In Depsicología.com what you have.

What are circadian rhythms?

They are the biological, mental and behavioral with a duration of approximately 24 hours. They relate mainly to the sun cycle - dark where the organism lives. Plants, animals, even single-celled organisms like bacteria or algae. The study of circadian rhythms is called chronobiology.

These rhythms are used to synchronize the behavior and physical activity to a changing environment. The human body tends to regulate their circadian rhythms, but there are external factors that can influence. The light is the signal that causes the greatest impact on circadian rhythms.

What about the biological clock?

The biological clock is not the same as circadian rhythms but if they are related. The biological clock controls circadian rhythms that have groups of cells distributed throughout the body. Have a clock as a central computer in the brain. It is the suprachiasmatic nucleus or SCN. This biological clock affects activities such as sleep , hunger, sexual behavior or mental performance.

Circadian rhythms and survival

The light changes that occur each day are vital to the survival of many species, consider the diurnal or nocturnal hunt for a few specific times of day.

Small rodents such as flying squirrels, dormice or mammals like the weasels hunt at night to avoid daytime predators stalking many. On the day in hiding and at night is when they forage.

Circadian rhythms help animals organize their behavior. Also optimizes the adaptation to the ecosystem during the day there are about hunting animals, while at night there are others.

Or wake just before the alarm goes off?

If this has happened is that your circadian rhythms are tight and work great. We and many animals share an internal mechanism that allows us to anticipate recurring events.

In the case of the clock before we get used to wake at a certain time and go to bed for days at a similar time. Then our circadian rhythms, act as computer memory, can be synchronized so that you wake up just in time or even minutes before your alarm clock rings.

The key is consistency / some order at times, if we maintain some regularity in response times circadian rhythms. If instead we have a total mess at times, different times of bed or get up, accumulated lack of sleep, then our circadian rhythms will be influenced negatively and notice that you rest or even worse you feel tired despite sleeping.

Circadian rhythms and genetics

There is a genetic component in circadian rhythms. Scientists have conducted experiments on fruit flies, and have clearly established that these circadian rhythms are inherited.

Various experiments indicate that these rates are independent of ambient temperature, something which is particularly. If the circadian rhythms of animals were influenced by changes in temperature, would be unable to estimate the time when the temperature changed, which would be a problem for both daytime and nocturnal animals.

These circadian rhythms are also quite resistant to the effect of various chemicals that can affect the nervous system, although certain medicines if they can affect

Factors that can alter circadian rhythms

- Shift Work

- Some medications

- The time zone change, jet lang

- Pregnancy

- Abuse of alcohol

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Source | www.nigms.nih.gov

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The pain has a biological role warns us that something is affecting us and we must act. Pain is one of the most important mechanisms of the body to protect itself. In Depsicología.com tell you more about pain and its psychological aspects.

The pain and survival

It may seem like a world without pain would be better, but the pain is an adaptive range improves survival value . Studies in people who have never experienced pain congenital insensitivity to pain, reveal that these people show extensive scars and wounds, deformation of the fingers and toes. Most of these people die young, often by a blow or trauma .

This shows that pain is an adaptive capacity that helps us survive. Experience such pain makes us quickly remove any part of the body it just causes pain, what if your hand get near the fire and not feel pain, or hydrochloric acid manipuláramos hands without experiencing itching?

Psychological aspects

In many parts of the world throughout history have practiced rituals Stoics to "harden" the young or as a form of purification, incisions on the face, chest, walk on hot coals, pieces of wood nailed in different parts of body.

In situations of high tension or war, or an athlete who is competing motivation can be such that the pain goes into the background. There have been cases of people who have continued to play a game with an ankle or broken leg. In combat situations are cases surprising, wounded soldiers have continued in their positions hardly notice the pain.

Henry Knowles Beecher an important anesthesiologist who studied the impact of pain on the soldiers, said in 1959 that soldiers wounded in battle ask for pain medication less frequently than civilians who had received similar injuries. His explanation for this behavior is that the meaning of the experience that caused the pain is different for the soldiers to civilians.

For a soldier can mean serious injury rid of combat at least for a while, but for a civilian like injury means personal inconvenience, loss of time and money.

Influences on pain

Culture, experience, learning or emotion influence our perception of pain, this multitude of influences psychological studies of pain are complex. Consider that just describe what it means mild or severe pain for each person may be different, and to assess pain you need some sort of quantitative measure.

The McGill Pain Questionnaire is an example of a rating scale, this scale allows distinguishing between different pain syndromes for patients to describe a particularly painful experience.

There have been experiments with volunteers on the "pain threshold", or the point at which first feels pain, in these studies has been discussed among others the pain threshold, or level of pain that the subject is can bear. These levels are variable from person to person.

Both pain threshold and pain tolerance are influenced by psychological states such as anxiety.

Advances in research to find effective drugs for pain depend on basic research that uses animals. Researchers Dennis and Melzack in 1983 by observing the behavior of animals and compared with that of human pain have speculated that the two dimensions.

1 - If a trauma or injury that causes the nervous system act and get the pain signal.

2 - The pain associated with the threat, the pain appears initially and leads people to avoid the source of pain

A third signal associated with pain would be its value "warning signal" to other animals (or people), sounds emitted by animals when injured alert the rest of the pack of potential danger. The same mechanism underlies when we see someone is burned by touching an object, and screams. The cry informs us that there is a danger to be avoided.

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Source | by Mark R. Physiological psychology Rosenzweig and Arnold I. Leiman

Author | Elena.B

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